The French Scorpene:

The 1,500t Scorpene has a length of 66.4m. The two vessels are powered by four diesel generators providing more than 2,500kW using GM synchronous motors with permanent magnets. The Chilean Scorpene will have a hull-mounted medium-frequency active / passive sonar. The vessels are armed with WASS (Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subaquei) Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes. The Black Shark is a dual purpose, wire-guided torpedo which is fitted with Astra active / passive acoustic head and a multi-target guidance and control unit incorporating a counter-countermeasures system. It has an electrical propulsion system based on a silver oxide and aluminium battery. Black Shark will also arm the two Scorpene vessels for the Royal Malaysian Navy.

The six torpedo tubes will be capable of firing SM-39 Exocet anti-ship missiles, which have a range of 50km.

The vessels will be equipped with EDO Reconnaissance Systems AR-900 electronic support measures/direction-finding (ESM/DF) system.

WEAPONS SYSTEMS
Scorpene is equipped with six bow-located 21in torpedo tubes providing salvo launch capability. Positive discharge launching is by an air turbine pump.

The submarine's weapons include anti-ship and anti-submarine torpedoes and anti-surface missiles.

18 torpedoes and missiles or 30 mines can be carried by the Scorpene attack submarine. The handling and loading of weapons is automated.

SUBTICS COMBAT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The SUBTICS combat management system, with up to six multifunction common consoles and a centrally situated tactical table, is collocated with the platform-control facilities. The combat management system is composed of a command and tactical data handling system, a weapon control system and an integrated suite of acoustic sensors with an interface to a set of air surface detection sensors and to the integrated navigation system. The system can also download data from external sources. The integrated navigation system combines data from global positioning systems, the log, depth measurement and the ship's trim / list monitoring system. The Scorpene monitors the environment including seawater density and temperature and the submarine's own noise signature.

SONAR SUITE
The vessel's sonar suite includes a long-range passive cylindrical array, an intercept sonar, active sonar, distributed array, flank array, a high-resolution sonar for mine and obstacle avoidance and a towed array. CONTROL AND MONITORING All submarine handling operations are carried out from the control room. The vessel features a high level of automation and surveillance, with automatic control mode of rudders and propulsion, continuous monitoring of the propulsion systems and platform installations, centralised and continuous surveillance of all potential hazards (leaks, fires, presence of gases) and the status of the installations that affect the safety while submerged.

CONSTRUCTION
The submarine incorporates a high level of system redundancy to achieve an average 240 days at sea a year for each submarine.

The maximum diving depth is 300m, giving the commander more tactical freedom than previously available on conventional submarines. There is no limit to the duration of dives at a maximum depth, other than the power systems and crew limitations.

The structure of the submarine uses high-yield stress-specific steel which allows for as many dives to maximum depth as necessary. The use of high-tensile steels has reduced the weight of the pressure hull, allowing a larger load of fuel and ammunition. The reduced complement minimises training costs and increase combat efficiency by making more space, while a larger payload enhances the ship's autonomy. When dived the Scorpene has low radiated noise which permits improved detection ranges of its own sensors and reduced risk of detection by hostile sensors. The low radiated noise is achieved through the use of advanced hydrodynamics with an albacore bow shape, with fewer appendages and an optimised propeller. Between the suspended decks, the equipment is mounted on elastic mountings wherever possible, and the noisiest systems have a double-elastic mounting to reduce the risk of their noise profiles being radiated outside the submarine. The shock-resistant systems have been developed from systems incorporated in advanced nuclear-powered submarine designs. The low acoustic signature and hydrodynamic shock resistance give the Scorpene class the capability to carry out anti-submarine and anti-surface ship warfare operations in closed or open sea conditions, as well as the capability of working with special forces in coastal waters.

Amur Class

On the basis of the long-term experience of operating diesel-electric submarines of projects 613 ("Whiskey"), 641 ("Foxtrot"), 641Б ("Tango"), class “Kilo” by Russian Navy and navies of other states in different areas of the world ocean CDB ME “Rubin has developed the submarines of the 4th generation of the class “Amur” (“Amur 1650” and “Amur 950”).

The principle feature of “Amur” class submarine is the capability of striking salvo missile blows at different targets.

The sonar signature level of the submarines of this class is several times less in comparison with “Kilo” class submarines which are considered at present the most silent in the world.

The submarines of “Амур” class are equipped with radio-electronic weapons of the new generation created on the basis of the latest achievements in the field of radio-electronics. The provision is made for the outfitting of the submarines of this class with AIP on the basis of fuel cells thus permitting to increase considerably the submerged endurance and cruise range. Such plant with the stock of reagents is located in the special compartment-module which can be incorporated into the submarine during construction or in the course of repairs or modernization. The submarines of “Amur” class can operate in all areas of the World Ocean except the areas with solid ice cover, in all weather conditions, in shallow and deep water areas.

In the course of creating "Amur" class submarines the equipment and weapons of Russian as well as of the customer-country production , or the equipment of the 3d countries can be used. “Amur 1650” submarine which is being constructed at Admiralty Shipyards at the moment is the export version of 677 project submarine. The special feature of the submarine "Amur 950" is the arrangement of missiles in vertical launchers and its readiness to be used fast, including salvo firing.

The ammunition of the “Amur 950” submarine consists of: * 10 vertical missile containers with cruise missiles: anti-ship missiles 3М-54E1 and/or missiles 3М-14E against land targets; missile launchers are of universal type; *

4 torpedo tubes with universal torpedoes (plus 2 extra torpedoes) providing the capability to attack submarine targets or surface targets from close range.

The submarine "Amur 950" is capable of striking massive missile blow in salvo of up to 10 missiles during not more than 2 minutes.

For self-defense the small size sonar decoys are provided located in the launchers in the submarine superstructure. As a result, during patrol the submarine can perform efficiently any combat task. The submarines of "Amur" class are equipped with the latest integrated combat system and have excellent living conditions for the crew.

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